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CO2 Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide is usually found in the atmosphere in a
concentration of about 400 ppm and is formed for example in
combustion or in fermentation processes (breweries, etc.).
It is odour and colourless.
The carbon dioxide can not be detected with electrochemical sensors.
Usually a "Lite" IR sensor is used.
Also sensors which measure the gas thermal conductivity can
sometimes be used.
The greatest danger with increasing CO2 concentration is
that the oxygen in the air is partly substituted, with hypoxia as a
result, but beyond this, carbon dioxide also has a toxic effect.
Hygiencic threshold limit values:
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Level value: 5000 ppm
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Maximum value: 10000 ppm
Alarm is normally set at these threshold levels with the level value
as the first alarm limit and the short-term value as the second
alarm level.
Even at a few percent carbon dioxide, the respiration increases
dramatically.
Symptoms include headache, dizziness, rapid pulse and nausea.
Concentrations over of about 10% can be very dangerous.
In areas with poor ventilation and where there are many people there
may occur problems due to increased carbon dioxide levels (from the
breath).
In workplaces one seeks to reduce carbon dioxide concentration to
below 1000ppm.
Sensor Placement
Carbon dioxide is heavier than air (higher density) which means that
it can easily be collected in low-level areas.
The concentrations of these spaces may therefore be very high and it
can dangerous to step down / in such an area without ensuring that
the oxygen concentration is high enough (20.9% oxygen).
Stationary sensors are therefore placed low, with possible additions
of sensors at the likely leakage points.
Meticulous (infrared) detection
This detector is very selective measuring a selected gas at a
specific absorbtionsband in the infrared wavelength area - no false
alarms.
Simply put, an infrared detector can measure tgases whose molecules
contain more than one atom.
This means that gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide,
methane, sulfur dioxide, etc. can be measured with an infrared
detector while the gases like oxygen, hydrogen and chlorine can not
be measured with an infrared detector.
Various gases absorb infrared radiation at different frequencies and
it is by measuring how much infrared radiation at a specific
frequency that is absorbed by the gas in question that you can
determine the gas concentration.
A major use for this testing method is when you want accurate
readings at low values without false alarms from other gases.
The infrared gas detectors SCO2, ACO2 and BCO2 protect against
leakage s of carbon dioxide.
The detectors ensure reliable performance of gas detection with low
maintenance costs. They do not require routine calibration and
provide full status indication for monitoring at ppm or vol% level.
The detectors have an infrared precision
sensor element which provides reliable protection against the risks
of carbon dioxide leakage.
A safe SIL design with a heated element to
help cooling down to -35 degrees, reduces
downtime.
Carbon dioxide is a cheap and versatile gas
that is useful in various applications from carbonated beverages to
improved oil extraction technologies.
The gas is non-flammable
and apparently quite innocent, but leakage can be dangerous.
Since exposure to atmospheric concentrations
above 5000 ppm is considered unhealthy, careful monitoring is
crucial at lower levels.
Atmospheric concentrations at 1 vol%
(10000ppm) will cause some people to feel drowsy. Concentrations of
7 vol% (70,000ppm) and higher lead to symptoms such as dizziness,
headache, vision and hearing impairments and subsequently to
unconsciousness.
The sensor element's electronics are enclosed
in a robust sensor element that processes real-time gas leakage for
early detection.
Devices have multiple communication outputs,
4-20mA signal proportional to 0-100% full scale, Mobus, Bacnet.
SCO2 also has relays for warning, alarm and
error.
An LCD display can be built in for local
viewing and control.
Factory calibration of the carbon dioxide
detectors involves low maintenance. Routine field calibration is not
required.
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